Shiite Schism
Posted in 정치 on August 16th, 2008Posted by semih
By Amir Taheri.
Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: Apr 7, 2003. pg. A.26
Abstract (Summary)
The 75-year-old ayatollah is the undisputed A’alam al-ulema (the most learned of the learned) of the mullahs who minister to the religious needs of Shiites, 60% of Iraq’s population. This week he will resume lectures, banned by the [Saddam Hussein] regime for seven years, at the oldest Shiite seminary. This follows his fatwa last week — the first pro-U.S. fatwa in modern political Islam — in which he ordered Iraq’s Shiites not to resist U.S.-led coalition forces.
At the start of the war, Iran’s ruling mullahs pressed Iraqi Shiite clerics in exile in Qom, near Tehran, to call for a boycott of coalition forces. A meeting of more than 300 Iraqi mullahs in Qom received a message from Iran’s “supreme guide,” Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, calling for a condemnation of both Saddam and President George Bush. The Iraqis ignored Khamenei’s advice, and ended the meeting without a statement. Later, two Iraqi clerics in Qom, ayatollahs Hassan Jawaheri and Muhammad Hadi Razi issued statements declaring Saddam’s regime to be “in rebellion against the authority of God,” and unfit to rule a Muslim nation.
The only prominent Shiite cleric to have rejected that position in the context of Iraq is Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, spiritual leader of the Lebanese branch of Hezbollah. He has echoed calls by the Sunni Muslim center at Al-Azhar university in Cairo for a jihad against the coalition and in support of Saddam. Fadlallah, however, is dismissed by most Shiite clerics as more of a politician than a scholar. “He is leader of a party,” says Muhammad Hussein Kashef, an Iraqi cleric. “As a politician, he is free to say what he likes.” With Iraqi Shiism unable to play its leading role because of Saddam’s repressive measures, Fadlallah has tried to promote Lebanon as a center for Arab Shiites. The revival of Najaf’s seminary, where Fadlallah studied for 20 years, could end his Lebanese dreams.
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